Iron Green Toner

IRON GREEN TONER

Contains:

PHOTOCHEM Material Safety Data Sheet
Date of Issue: 01.04.2004

     Company: Business Trading name :Photochem (Australia)
     Address: 53 -58 Munster Terrace North Melbourne
     Telephone: (03) 9915 1900 Fax 03 9915 1905

Product Name: Ammonia Solution U.N. Number: 2672

Other Names: Ammonia, Ammonium hydroxide, Aqua ammonia

Dangerous Goods Class: 8 Hazchem: 2P

IMDG: 8111 Dangerous Goods Sub Risk: NIL

CAS No: 1336-21-6 Poisons Schedule: S6 (Fed)

G.T. EPG: 8A1 NFPA: 3-1-0

Tradenames: Manuf.: Man Cat No:

Ammonia Solution AJAXCHEM AR 00000043

Ammonia Solution UL 00000790

Ammonia Solution Picopur For Trace RDEH 06030000

Analysis

Ammonia Solution 25%W/W TECH 00004528

Ammonia Solution 30%W/W TECH 00004527

Ammonia Solution 18% TECH 00004632

Ammonia Solution 28% M&B 00002992

Aqua Ammonia 12.5% TECH 00004774

Use: Fertilizer; preparation of fertilizers; manufacture of inorganic and organic

nitrogen containing compounds; nitriding of steel; condensation catalyst; synthetic fibers; dyeing; neutralizing agent; latex preservative; preparation of explosives; sulfite cooking liquors

Appearance: Colourless liquid with a sharp intensely irritating odour; ODOUR THRESHOLD 0.6 to 53 ppm (detection); 0.7 to 55 ppm (recognition) WARNING PROPERTY (ODOUR/IRRIT) Not reliable- odour threshold about the same magnitude as TLV.

Flash Point: Ammonia gas can burn

Vapour Pressure (mbar at 20 C): 6.9 - 10.5 psi @ 20 deg C

Solubility in water: Very soluble Critical Temp: 133 deg C (271 deg F)

Flammability Limits (%V/V):

Specific Gravity: approx. 0.9 Volatile Component: 100% by wt. pH: 11.6 (1N solution in water at 25 deg C)

CHEMICAL FAMILY: Inorganic nitrogen compound

STRUCTURAL FORMULA: NH4OH

MOLECULAR FORMULA: H4-N-O-H

Chemical Entity: CAS No. Proportion (wgt%)

Ammonia 7664-41-7 10-35%

Health Effects:

Swallowed: Harmful if swallowed. Causes severe burns and pain in the throat, chest and abdomen along with coughing, vomiting and shock.

Eye: Irritation of cornea and tearing after exposure at 134 ppm for 5 minutes. At 700 ppm. Vapour is immediately irritating. Contact with liquid can cause severe irritation, hemorrhage, swollen eyelids, and partial or total blindness if not treated immediately.

Skin: Contact with liquid may cause chemical burns

Inhaled: Severe respiratory tract irritation. Effects related to concentration. Reported odour detection levels are 1-50 ppm. Complaints of irritation and discomfort begin at 20-25 ppm. Exposure for 5 min at 133 ppm causes nose and throat irritation. At 400-700 ppm immediate severe irritation of eyes, nose and throat occurs. Brief exposure at 5, 000 ppm may cause rapid death due to suffocation or fluid in the lungs.

Chronic:

Health Effects Inhalation; repeated exposure to gas may cause long term irritation of the eyes, nose and upper respiratory tract. Workers repeatedly exposed to ammonia may develop a tolerance to the irritating effects after several weeks. Continuous exposure at 70 ppm may be tolerated without adverse effects. Daily exposure at 97-122 pm cause upper respiratory and eye irritation.

Potential for accumulation: Not likely to accumulate. A normal body component. Excreted in urine as ammonium salts or urea. Some elimination through sweat glands.

First Aid

If swallowed: Rinse mouth thoroughly with water immediately. Give water to drink. DO NOT induce vomiting. Seek immediate medical assistance.

Eye: If irritation occurs, immediately flush contaminated eye(s) with lukewarm, gently flowing water for 20 minutes, by the clock, holding eyelid(s) open. Obtain medical attention immediately.

Skin: If contact with ammonia occurs, flush contaminated area(s) with lukewarm, gently running water for at least 20 minutes. Under running water, remove contaminated clothing. Obtain medical attention immediately. Discard contaminated clothing, shoes and leather goods. Do not re-use.

Inhaled: Remove source of ammonia or move victim to fresh air. If breathing has stopped, trained personnel should begin artificial respiration or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately. Obtain medical attention immediately

Toxicity Data: Animal Toxicity Data LD50 (oral, rat): 350 mg/kg (ammonium hydroxide) LC50 ( inhalation, mouse): 4,837 ppm; duration of exposure 1 hour. Inhalation: Animals continuously exposed at 60 ppm (24 hr/day for 114 days) showed no signs of toxicity. Rats exposed continuously at 180 ppm for 90 days did not show any abnormalities of organs or tissue. Inhalation: rabbits and dogs exposed to a concentration of 1,100 ppm for 8 hr/day, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks experienced moderate eye irritation and laboured breathing initially, but effects disappeared by the second week. No other signs of irritation or toxicity were noted.

Exposure Standards: (TLV-TWA_ 25 ppm (18 mg/m3), peak, Worksafe Australia. Short term exposure limit (TLV STEL) 35 ppm (27 mg/m3), Worksafe Australia

Sampling and analysis colorimetric indicating (detector) tubes: Commercially available.

Direct Reading Instruments: Commercially available devices: chemical sensor (grab sample; portable). Chemical sensor (continuous sampling; fixed location). Colorimetry (continuous sampling; portable/fixed location). Infrared spectrometry (continuous sampling; portable. Photoionization detector (continuous sampling; fixed location).Exposure Control: Exposure to this material can be controlled in many ways. The measures appropriate for a particular work site depend on how this material is used and on the extent of exposure. Use this general information to help develop specific control measures. Ensure that control systems are properly designed and maintained. Comply with occupational, environmental, fire, and other applicable regulations.

Engineering Controls: Engineering control methods to reduce hazardous exposures are preferred. Methods include mechanical ventilation (dilution and local exhaust), process or personnel enclosure, control of process conditions and process modification (e.g., substitution of a less hazardous material). Administrative controls and personal protective equipment may also be required. Because of the high potential hazard associated with ammonia, stringent control measures such as enclosure or isolation may be necessary. Supply sufficient replacement air to make up for air removed by exhaust systems.

Personal Protection:

If engineering controls and work practices are not effective in controlling exposure to ammonia, then wear suitable personal protective equipment. Have appropriate personal protective equipment available for use in emergencies such as spills or fire. If respiratory protection is required, institute a complete respiratory protection program including selection, fit testing, training, maintenance, inspection, cleaning and evaluation.

Respiratory Protect. Guidelines - Recommendations for Ammonia Concentrations.

In Air: Up to 300 ppm: Chemical cartridge respirator with cartridge(s) to protect against ammonia. Up to 500 ppm: SAR; or powered air-purifying respirator with cartridge(s) to protect against ammonia; or gas mask with canister to protect against ammonia; or SCBA. Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentration or IDLH conditions: positive pressure, full-face piece SCBA; or positive pressure, full-face piece SAR with an auxiliary positive pressure SCBA. ESCAPE: gas mask with canister to protect against ammonia; or escape type SCBA. Note: The IDLH concentration for ammonia is 500 ppm: Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection. Abbreviations: SAR= supplied-air respirator; SCBA= self-contained breathing apparatus. IDLH= immediately dangerous to life or health. Note: In these recommendations the IDLH concentration is defined as the maximum concentration which would not cause any escape-impairing symptoms or irreversible health effects to a person exposed for 30 minutes if the respirator failed.

Chemical safety goggles. A face shield may be necessary. Impervious gloves, coveralls, boots, and/or other resistant protective clothing. Have a safety shower/eyewash fountain readily available in the immediate work area. For Protective Clothing Good: Butyl rubber, natural rubber, neoprene, nitrile, polyvinyl chloride. Fair Poor: Viton, polyethylene (PE). NOTE: Resistance of a specific material can vary from product to product. Evaluate resistance of materials under conditions of use and maintain clothing carefully.

Flammability: Vapours are flammable

Environment: Pollutant Contain.

Storage and Transport:

Limit quantity of material in storage. Restrict access to storage area. Post appropriate warning signs. Keep storage area separate from populated work areas. Inspect periodically for deficiencies. Consider leak detection and alarm systems, as required. Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated area, out of direct sunlight, away from heat and ignition sources. Store away from incompatible materials such as oxidising materials and strong cids. Structural materials and lighting and ventilation systems in storage area should be corrosion resistance. Store product below 25 deg C. Protect from damage.

Handling: Keep material away fom sparks, flames and other ignition sources. Post NO SMOKING signs in area of use. Avoid release of gas into workplace air. Empty containers contain residue which may be hazardous.

Not to be loaded with class 1, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 6*, 7, Foodstuff and foodstuff empties.(* where the Class 6 substance is a cyanide and the Class 8 substance is an acid).

Packaging and Labeling as required by the ADG Code. As required by the standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons.

Spills & Disposal

Spills: Restrict access to area until completion of cleanup. Ensure cleanup is conducted by trained personnel only. Wear adequate personal protective equipment. Extinguish or remove all ignition sources. Ventilate area. Use water spray/fog to reduce gas cloud from serious leak or spill. Isolate area until area until gas has dispersed. For small spills, use absorbent material and shovel into marked containers for disposal. For large spills, contain within a bund, pump out to a recovery container. Disposal Review federal, state and local government requirements prior to disposal. Incineration or biological degredation of waste ammonia may be possible.

Reactivity Data: Normally Stable

Incompatibility: MAT'LS TO AVOID ACIDS can react violently. OXODIZING AGENTS-can react violently. METAL HALIDES (e.g. Boron, Gold, Tellurium) SILVER COMPOUNDS e.g. chloride, nitrate, oxide) or Mercury- may form explosive compounds. HALOGENS (e.g. chlorine, bromine, fluorine) or INTERHALOGENS (e.g. chlorine trifluoride) - can react violently or form explosive products. HALIDES - can react violently or form explosive products. ETHYLENE OXIDE - can polymerize explosively in contact with ammonia.

Corrosivity to metals: Corrosive to aluminium and zinc. Attacks copper, nickel tin and brass.

Fire/Explosion Hazard

Fire extinguishing agents: Water fog, carbon dioxide, Halons, powder.

Fire fighting procedures: Stop flow of liquid if it can be done safely. Move containers from fire area if it can be done safely. Use water spray to keep containers cool. Pressurized containers may explode in fire and release toxic and irritating gases. Note: Ammonia is not readily ignited, but explosions of air ammonia mixtures have occurred in confined spaces. Combustion Products: Oxides of nitrogen. Open containers slowly to prevent spurting.

Photochem Customer Technical Services: (03) 9827-0877

Additional Information:

References: BIBLIOGRAPHY (1) Criteria for a recommended standard: occupational exposure to ammonia (DHEW (NIOSH) publication; no. 74-136). U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Cincinnati, Ohio: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 1974 (2) Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology. 3^rd rev. ed. Vol. 2B. John Wiley & Sons, 1981. P. 3045-3052 (3) NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards. (Repr. With corr.) NIOSH, Feb. 1987. P. 50-51,

User Data

CAT. NO.: 00000043 00000790 06030000

00004528 00004527 00004632

00002992 00004774

DISCLAIMER: All information given in this data sheet and by the company's technical staff is compiled from the best information currently available to the company. The company accepts no responsibility whatsoever for its accuracy or for any results which may be obtained by customers. Any customer who relies upon any advice or information given in this data sheet by the company or by its technical staff does so entirely at its own risk. The company will not be liable for any loss or damage thereby suffered notwithstanding any want of care on the part of the company or its staff in compiling or giving the advice or information.

Product Name: Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) GPR (potassium ferricyanide)

Other Names: Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) Potassium ferricyanide

Manufacturer’s Product Code: 29610

Use: General laboratory reagent.

Appearance: solid, dark red, odourless Density: (20degC) 1.85 g/cm3

Solubility in water: water (20degC) 464, acetone (20degC) soluble.

Chemical Entity: CAS No. Proportion (wgt%)

Potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) 13746-66-2 100%

(Potassium Ferricyanide)

Health Effects:

Swallowed: Toxic after hydrolysis: The following applies to cyanogen compounds/ nitriles in general: utmost caution. Release of hydrocyanic acid is possible - blockade of cellular respiration. Cardiovascular disorders, dyspnoea, unconsciousness. Death. After inhalation of dust: dizziness, dyspnoea, vomiting, cyanosis, cardiovascular disorders, and coma.

Eye: Irritations.

Skin: Irritations.

First Aid

If swallowed: Drink plenty of water. Better still, physiological saline solution.

Eye: rinse out with plenty of water with eyelid held wide open.

Skin: wash off with plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before re-use

Inhalation: fresh air. Consult a doctor if feeling unwell

Advice to doctor: Induce vomiting. Immediately summon doctor. Gastric lavage. If breathing stops, immediately apply mechanical ventilation, if necessary also oxygen.

Exposure Standards: TWA STEL

PPM mg/m³PPM mg/m³

- 5

Engineering Controls: Procedures for cleaning/absorption: Take up dry. Forward for disposal. Clean up affected area.

Personal Protection: required when dusts are generated. Ensure respirator is clean, well fitting and in good working order. All respirators should comply with Australian Standard AS 1716 and be used in accordance with AS 1715.

Gloves and eye protection are required.

Flammability: Non-combustible. Development of hazardous vapours possible in the event of fire. Hazardous decomposition products: Hydrogen Cyanide

Wash hands and face after use.

Storage and Transport:

Tightly closed. Dry. At room temperature (recommendation +15 to +25degC). Protected from light.

Spills & Disposal

Wear appropriate protective clothing. If local regulations permit, mop up with plenty of water and run to waste, diluting greatly with running water. Otherwise transfer to container and arrange removal by Disposal Company. Wash site of spillage thoroughly with detergent and water. For large spillages liquids should be contained with sand or earth and both liquids and solids transferred to salvage containers. Any residues should be treated as for small spillages. Do not allow to enter drinking water supplies , waste water or soil. The dfollowing applies to cyanogen compounds in general: cyanide ions: biological effects: fish: 60h. LC50: 0.08 mg/l;lethal from 0.05 mg/l up; for lower organisms lethal from 0.1 mg/l up. . Chemical residues are generally classified as special waste, and as such are covered by regulations that vary according to location. Contact your local waste disposal authority for advice, or pass to a chemical disposal company. Rinse out empty containers thoroughly before returning for recycling.

Product: There are no uniform Australian Regulations for the disposal of chemicals or residues. Chemical residues generally count as special waste. The disposal of the latter is regulated in Australia through Commonwealth, State, Territory or Local government laws and regulations. We recommend that you contact either the authorities in charge or licensed waste disposal companies that will advise you on how to dispose of special waste. Packaging: Disposal in compliance with official regulations, Handle contaminated packaging in the same way as the substance itself. If not officially specified differently, non-contaminated packaging may be treated like household waste or recycled.

Fire/Explosion Hazard

Non-combustible. Development of hazardous vapours possible in the event of fire.

Photochem Customer Technical Services: (03) 9827-0877

Additional Information: This material Safety Data sheet summarises our best knowledge of the health and safety hazard information of the product in the workplace. Each user should read this MSDS and consider the information in the context of how the product will be handled and used in the workplace. The use should be considered also in conjunction with other products. If clarification or further information is needed to ensure that an appropriate risk assessment can be made, the user should contact this company. Our responsibility for products sold is subject to our standard terms and conditions – a copy of which is sent to our customers, and is also available upon request.

Product Name: Sodium Sulphide U.N. Number: 1849

Other Names: Disodium monoosulfide, Disodium sulfide, Sodium monosulfide, Sodium sulfide, hydrated Sodium sulphide, nonahydrate Sulfure de sodium, nonhydrate sodium sulphide, hydrated, not less than 30% water of crystallistaion.

Hazchem Code: 2X Manufacturer’s Product Code: Dangerous Goods Class: 8 Dangerous Goods Sub Risk: NIL G.T. EPG: 8A1 Poisons Schedule: NIL (Fed)

Use: Used in the manufacture of organic chemicals, colours and dyes, viscose rayon,, pulp and paper, rubber, heavy water for nuclear reactors and cellophane film. Used as a depilatory in the leather industry, a flotation agent in ore treatment, an analytical and photographic reagent, and a chemical intermediate. Used in the hydrometallurgy of gold ores, engraving, lithography and cotton printing.

Appearance: Colourless crystals; turns yellow then brownish-black upon exposure to light and air. Releases hydrogen sulfide which smells like rotten eggs at low concentrations and paralyzes the sense of smell at high concentrations. Deliquescent (absorbs moisture from the air and forms wet solid or solution). Odour threshold 0.13 ppm (hydrogen sulfide) WARNING PROPERTY (odour/irrit). POOR- Hydrogen sulfde paralyzes the sense of smell at 100 ppm or higher.

Melting Point( ºC): App.50 deg C Loses water of crys.

Solubility in water (g/1): 18g dissolves in 100 ml of water at 25

Vapour Pressure (mbar at 20º C):

Specific Gravity: (SG) 1.427 at 16 deg C (water = 1)

pH: Aqueous solutions are strongly alkaline

Chemical Entity: CAS No. Proportion (wgt%)

Sodium Sulphide 16721-80-5 100%

Health Effects:

Swallowed: Corrosive. Can cause burns to the lips, tongue, throat and stomach; abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting and diarrhoea. Death may result. Can react with acid in the stomach to release hydrogen sulfide. Effects would be the same as those described for inhalation

Eye: Corrosive. Can cause redness, pain, blurred vision and burns which are slow healing. Blindness may result. May release H2s gas which can cause inflammation and irritation of the eye at low concentrations (sometimes less than 10 ppm). Prolonged exposure may result in symptoms such as scratchiness, irritation, tearing and burning. Higher concentrations (50 ppm) cause intense tearing, blurring of vision, pain when looking at lights and the perception of rings around lights. Most symptoms disappear when exposure stops but, in severe cases, permanent damage may result.

Skin: Corrosive. Can cause severe skin irritations and burns.

Inhaled: Inhalation of the dust can cause sore throat, coughing and shortness of breath. Very high or very long exposures could lead to a buil-up of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary oedema) and \, possible death. Can react with moisture in the air to form very toxic hydrogen sulfide gas (H2s). Low concentrations of H2s (50 ppm) can cause dryness and irritation o the nose and throat, runny nose, cough and shortness of breath. Higher concentrations (200 to 250 ppm) cause severe irritation as well as headache, nausea, vomiting an dizziness. Prolonged exposure can cause pulmonary oedema. Extremely high concentrations (500 ppm) rapidly cause unconsciousness and death. Severe exposures, which do not result in death, may cause long term memory loss, paralysis of facial muscles or nerve damage.

First Aid

If swallowed: Never give anything by mouth to the victim if they are rapidly losing consciousness, or is unconscious or convulsing. Have victim rinse mouth thoroughly with water. DO NOT induce vomiting. Have victim drink 240 - 300 ml (8 - 10 oz.) of water. If vomiting occurs naturally, rinse mouth and repeat administration of water. If breathing has stopped, trained personnel should begin artificial respiration or, if the heart has stopped, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately (avoid mouth-to-mouth contact). Quickly transport victim to an emergency facility.

Eye: Immediately flush the contaminated eye(s) with Lukewarm, gently flowing water for 20 minutes, by the clock, holding the eyelid(s) open. Take care not to rinse contaminated water into the non affected eye. If irritation persists, repeat flushing. Obtain medical attention immediately.

Skin: Avoid direct contact with this chemical. Wear impervious protected gloves, if necessary. As quickly as possible, flush contaminated area with lukewarm, gently

running water for at least 20 minutes by the clock. Under running water, remove contaminated clothing, shoes and leather goods. If irritation persists, repeat flushing. Obtain medical attention immediately. Completely decontaminate clothing, shoes and leather goods before re-use, or discard.

Inhaled: Take proper precautions to ensure your own safety before attempting to rescue; e.g. Wear appropriate protective equipment, use the "buddy" system. Remove source of contamination or move victim to fresh air. If breathing has stopped, trained personnel should begin artificial respiration or, if the heart has stopped, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately (avoid mouth-to-mouth contact). Oxygen may be beneficial if administered by a person trained in its use, preferably on a physician's advice. Obtain medical attention immediately.

Other First Aid: Provide general supportive measures (comfort, warmth, rest). Consult a physician and/or the nearest Poison Control Centre for all exposures except minor instances of inhalation or skin contact. All first aid procedures should be periodically reviewed by a physician familiar with the material and its condition of use in the workplace.

Exposure Standards: (TLV-TWA) not established. TLV-TWA for hydrogen sulfide: 10 ppm (14 mg/m3), Worksafe Australia. Short-term exposure limit: 15 ppm (21 mg/m3)

Use appropriate instrumental and sampling strategy (location, timing, duration, frequency and number of samples). Interpretation of the sampling results is related to these variables and the analytical method. Colorimetric Indicating (detector) Tubes: Commercially available (for the sulfide ion0. There are several techniques for measuring airborne hydrogen sulfide.

Exposure Control Note: Exposure to this material can be controlled in many ways. The measures appropriate for a particular work site depend on how this material is used and on the extent of exposure. Use this general information to help develop specific control measures. Ensure that control systems are properly designed and maintained. Comply with occupational, environmental, fire, and other applicable regulations. Maintain concentration below recommended exposure limit.

Engineering Controls: Engineering control methods to reduce hazardous exposures are preferred. Methods include mechanical ventilation (dilution and local exhaust), process or personnel enclosure, control of process conditions and process modification (e.g., substitution of a less hazardous material). Administrative controls and personal protective equipment may also be required. Because of the high potential hazard associated with this substance, stringent control measures such as enclosure or isolation may be necessary. Use a corrosion-resistant, non-sparking, grounded ventilation system separate from other exhaust ventilation systems. Exhaust directly to the outside. Use local exhaust ventilation and process enclosure if necessary, to control airborne dust and hydrogen sulfide gas.

Supply sufficient replacement air to make up for air removed by exhaust systems. Treatment of exhaust gases to prevent environmental contamination may be required.

Personal Protection: If engineering controls and work practices are not effective in controlling exposure to this material, then wear suitable personal protective equipment including approved respiratory protection. Have appropriate equipment available for use in emergencies such as spills or fire. If respiratory protection is required, institute a complete respiratory protection program including selection, fit testing, training, maintenance and inspection. Chemical safety goggles and a faceshield may also be necessary. Impervious gloves, coveralls, boots and/or other resistant protective clothing. Have a safety shower, eyewash fountain readily available in the immediate work area. Keep contaminated clothes in a closed container, discard or launder before re-use. Do not eat or drink in work areas. Wash hands thoroughly after handling this material. Maintain good housekeeping.

Storage and Transport:

Store in a cool, dry, well ventilated area, out of direct sunlight. Store away from heat and ignition sources. Store away from incompatible materials such as materials that support combustion (oxidising materials), or acids. Use corrosion-resistant structural materials and lighting and ventilation systems in the storage area. Use airtight containers, kept well sealed, securely labeled and protected from damage. Consider leak detection and alarm systems for hydrogen sulfide, as required. Limit quantity of material in storage. Restrict access to storage area. Post warning signs when appropriate. Keep storage area separate from populated work areas. Inspect periodically for deficiencies such as damage or leaks. Have appropriate fire extinguishers available in and near the storage area. Keep material away from sparks, flames and other ignition sources. Post NO SMOKING signs in area of use. Do not use near welding operations, flames or hot surfaces. Use dust tight containers. Avoid generating dust. Prevent release of hydrogen sulfide gas or sodium sulfide dusts into workplace air. Use smallest possible amounts in designated areas with adequate ventilation. Have emergency equipment (for fires, spills, leaks,etc.) readily available. Label containers. Keep containers closed when not in use. Empty containers may contain residues which are hazardous. Class 8 products are not to be loaded with class 1, 4.3, 5, 6 (when class 6 is a cyanide and class 8 is an acid), 7 foodstuffs or foodstuff empties.

Spills & Disposal:

Restrict access to area until completion of clean-up. Ensure clean-up is conducted by trained personnel only. Wear adequate personal protective equipment. Ventilate area. Extinguish or remove all ignition sources. Remove or isolate flammable and combustible materials. DO NOT touch spilled material. Prevent material from entering sewers, waterways or confined spaces. Stop or reduce leak if safe to do so. Contain spill with earth, sand or absorbent material, which does not react with spilled material.

Small wet spills: Soak up spill with absorbent material, which does not react with spilled material. Put material in suitable, covered labeled containers. Flush area with water. Small dry spills: Shovel into clean, dry, labeled containers and cover. Flush area with water. Contaminated absorbent material may pose the same hazards as the spilled product. Large spills: Contact fire and emergency services for advice.

For Disposal: Review federal, state and local government requirements prior to disposal. Store material for disposal as indicated in Storage Conditions. Disposal by secure landfill may be acceptable. It may be possible to neutralise sodium sulphide with a ferric chloride solution, followed by addition of sodium carbonate (4). Treatment of waste material should only be done by specially trained personnel, using appropriate facilities and protective equipment.

Reactivity Data: Moderately stable. Aqueous solutions and moist solid slowly give off H2s gas; more H2s is given off if material is heated. Aqueous solutions are slowly oxidized on exposure to air. Disclolours on exposure to light and air.

Incompatibility: Materials are to avoid contact with acids-reaction releases highly toxic and flammable hydrogen sulfide. Can react violently and form highly irritating sulfur dioxide. DIAZONIUM SALTS - React explosively. N,N-DICHLOROMETHYL AMINE - Reacts explosively. CARBON - Reaction releases heat.

Hazardous Decomposition Products: Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, sodium hydroxide.

Corrosivity To Metals: Corrosive to zinc, aluminium and copper.

Fire/Explosion Hazard

Small fires: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray or foam. Large fires: Water spray, fog or foam.

Fire may produce highly irritating or poisonous gases (sulfur dioxide or hydrogen sulfide). Fight fire from a safe distance or protected area. Wear full personal protective equipment and clothing. Move container from fire area, if it can be done safely. Cool the containers that are exposed to flames with water until well after the fire is out. This chemical gives off highly flammable hydrogen sulfide (H2s) gas. H2s has a flammable range of 4.0% to 44.0% and an auto- ignition temperature of 260 deg C.

Combustion Products Hydrogen Sulfide, sulfur dioxide. Firefighters are to wear full protective clothing with breathing apparatus.

Photochem Customer Technical Services: (03) 9827-0877

Additional Information:

BIBLIOGRAPHY: (1) Hazardous Substances Databank (HSDB) record for sodium sulfide (last revised December 1985); printed November 1987 (2) Vernot, E.H., et al. Acute Toxicity and skin corrosion data for some organic and inorganic compounds and aqueous solutions. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 42 (1977). P. 417-423 (3) Toxicology of the eye. Charles C Thomas, 1986 p 841 (4) Handling chemicals safely. Dutch association of safety experts, 1980 p 860 (5) Key, M.M. Some unusual allergic reactions in industry. Archives of Dermatology. Vol. 83 (Jan.1961) p 57/3, 58/4, 59/5, 60/6 (6) Hydrogen sulfide: chemical hazard summary no. 12. CCOHS, 1986 (7) Weisburger, E.K. , et al Carcinoenicity test of certain environmental and industrial chemicals. JNCI Vol 67, no. 1 (July 1981). P 75-88

User Data

CAT. NO.: 00000508 00000658 00000706

Product Name: Hydrochloric Acid U.N. Number: 1789

Other Names: Muriatic acid, Spirit of Salt Hazchem Code: 2R

IMDG: 8183

G.T. EPG: 8A1 Dangerous Goods Sub Risk: NIL

CAS No: 7647-01-0 Poisons Schedule: S6(Fed)

Use: Production of chlorides, boiler scale removal, laboratory reagent, general purpose

food additive and used for pickling and cleaning metals.

Appearance: Colourless to yellow, clear liquid, characteristic fumes. Tendency to fume at higher concentrations.

Flash Point: Non flammable

Boiling Point/Melting Point( ° C): 106.8 ° C

Vapour Pressure (mbar at 20 ° C): 17.8mm Hg at 20° C

Specific Gravity: 1.1 pH: < 1

Chemical Entity: CAS No. Proportion (wgt%)

Hydrochloric Acid 7647-01-0 10 – 36%

Water to make total of 100% (It may contain low levels of hydrofluoric acid)

Health Effects:

Acute:

Swallowed: Can kill if swallowed. May cause severe burns to the mouth, throat and stomach

Eye: Highly corrosive to eyes. Contamination of eyes can result in permanent injury. High concentration of vapours will cause irritation.

Skin: Contact with skin will result in severe irritation. Harmful in contact with the skin. Corrosive to skin, may cause skin burns.

Inhaled: the vapour is an irritant to the mucous membranes and respiratory tract. Possible harmful corrosive effects. An asphyxiant; exposure to high concentrations will cause suffocation.

Chronic: prolonged exposure may cause bronchitis, pneumonia and pulmonary oedema.

First Aid

If swallowed: Poison Information Centres in each state Capital City can provide additional assistance for scheduled poisons. Rinse mouth thoroughly with water immediately. Give water or milk to drink. DO NOT induce vomiting. Seek immediate medical assistance. Vomiting may cause further damage to the throat.

Eye: immediately irrigate with copious quantities of water for at least 15 minutes. Eyelids to be held open. Seek immediate medical assistance.

Skin: Wash effected areas with copious quantities of water immediately. If irritation occurs, seek medical advice. If swelling, blistering or irritation occurs seek medical advice. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before re-use. Treat skin and clothing with 1% sodium bicarbonate solution to neutralize acid residues

Inhaled: Remove victim from exposure – avoid becoming a casualty. Allow patient to assume most comfortable position and keep warm. Keep at rest until fully recovered. If breathing laboured and patient cyanotic (blue), ensure airways are clear and have qualified person give oxygen through a facemask. If breathing has stopped, apply artificial respiration at once. In the event of cardiac arrest, apply external cardiac massage. Seek medical attention.

Advice to doctor: Treat symptomatically as for strong acids.

Exposure Standards:

TLV/TWA: 7mg/m3, 5 ppm; Worksafe Australia. – peak limitation – Is the concentration that should not be exceeded even instantaneously.

Odour threshold: 1 – 5 ppm IDLH Value: 100 ppm

Engineering Controls:

Maintain concentration below recommended exposure limit. Use with adequate ventilation. Local exhaust ventilation usually required.

Keep containers in a well ventilated area.

Personal Protection:

The following personal protective equipment must be worn.

PVC, preoprene or nitrile rubber gloves. Safety glasses, goggles or faceshield as appropriate. Overalls or similar protective apparel. Wearing of the following personal protective equipment may be advisable. Splash apron, rubber boots. In confined spaces the following are recommended. Combination particulate/gas respirator, Class B, (inorganic vapour)

Flammability: Non flammable. Contact with strong alkalis may generate heat.

Environment: Avoid contaminating waterways. The product is strongly acidic and therefore may react with metals to produce hydrogen, a flammable gas.

Other precautions: Will react with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes. Keep away from strong oxodising agents and strong bases. Avoid contact with metals. Reacts with zinc, brass, galvinised iron, aluminium, copper and copper alloys. Keep away from cyanides and sulphides.

Storage

Storage: Store in a cool place and out of direct sunlight. Store in well-ventilated area. Store away from oxidising agents. Store away from foodstuffs. Keep containers securely sealed and protected against physical damage.

Not to be loaded with class 1, 4.3, 5.1, 5.2, 6*, 7, Foodstuff and foodstuff empties.

(* Where the class 6 substance is a cyanide and the class 8 substance is an acid). There may be instances with the technical grade products where there may be contamination due to hydrofluoric acid. Care should be taken especially where the material may be stored in glass vessels.

Spills & Disposal

Spills: Clear area of all unprotected personnel. Notify emergency services for large spills. Prevent contamination of drains and waterways. Use absorbent (soil, sand,

sawdust, inert material, vermiculite). Collect and seal in properly labeled drums for disposal. Nuetralise remaining product with lime or soda ash, adjusting pH to 6-10. Flush to sewer as a greatly diluted solution. Wear full protective clothing (see Personal Protection Section) self-contained breathing apparatus may be needed for prolonged periods of exposure. Refer to appropriate State Waste Disposal Authority. Observe local regulations. There may be instances with the technical grade products where there may be contamination due to hydrofluoric acid. Care should be taken especially where the material may be stored or used in glass vessels.

Fire/Explosion Hazard

Evacuate immediate area. Fire fighters to wear self contained breathing apparatus if risk of exposure to vapour or products of combustion. Decomposes on heating emitting toxic fumes.

Hazardous Decomposition Products: Hydrogen Chloride, Heating can cause expansion or decomposition leading to violent rupture of containers. Use water to keep the substance cool. Extinguish fire with water spray.

Photochem Customer Technical Services: (03) 9827-0877

Additional Information:

Sax, N.Irving, "Dangerous Propertiesof Industrial Materials", Van Nostrand Reinhold (1984).

"Threshold Limit Values for 1987-88" American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.

Commonwealth of Australia, "Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road and ail" AGPS (1987).

Lenga, Robert E. (ed.), "Safety, The Sigma-Aldrich Library of Chemical Safety Data", Sigma Aldrich Corp., 1st edition (1985).

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DISCLAIMER: All information given in this data sheet and by the company's technical staff is compiled from the best information currently available to the company. The company accepts no responsibility whatsoever for its accuracy or for any results which may be obtained by customers. Any customer who relies upon any advice or information given in this data sheet by the company or by its technical does so entirely at its own risk, and the company will not be liable for any loss or damage thereby suffered notwithstanding any want of care on the part of the company or its staff in compiling or giving the advice or information.